How to build a Mining Farm or Rig: Learn how to set up one, the step by step to follow for proper configuration and also the some of the most suitable digital currency to mine. The cue ball is growing, ether is growing, the crypt as a whole is prone to rise and fall, like any financial asset. Only unlike stocks and bonds, cryptocurrency can be “printed” on your own computer. Start your journey to mining today so that in a year you will not be choked by a toad when watching quotes.
To receive money, conditionally, out of thin air, you need firm determination, free space and capital to enter. This is not a pyramid scheme – this is cryptocurrency mining, a complex and demanding business that will bring stable passive income.
A computer and a video card in it will help you get started. To make a profit, you need to buy a couple of video cards and find a place for a mining farm.
Cryptocurrency lends itself to mining on central processors and video cards. You can start mining on working video cards from Nvidia or AMD. You can also mine on CPUs, for example Ryzen or chips from Intel.
Another issue is profitability. To ensure a consistently high level of profitability, you will need at least four video cards.
The easiest option for people who want to make a profit and don’t want to bother. Usually, the farm is assembled on video cards from Nvidia 10-series, like 1080 and 1080 Ti . There is also a more budgetary option, for example – mining on RX 4xx and 5xx series video cards.
When the complexity of the network is not high, mining of coins on the central processor is considered. The CPU supports mining any PoW coins such as SHA-256, Cryptonight, X11, Ethhash, Scrypt and Equihash.
The profitability of mining at the CPU is low.
On the CPU, you can also mine coins that are usually dug on video cards: ETC, ETH, XZC.
Let’s start with the distribution of cryptocurrency farms according to the complexity of their assembly. Conventionally, farms can be divided into three sizes – home, medium and large.
Home farm, ordinary – one rig hidden on the balcony. Used items are consumed. computers, or hardware from the mezzanine, adapted to work with 1050 or RX 480. Up to 4 cards, low profitability, comes to payback slowly – in a year or two. The home rig will be able to bring the owner an additional $ 100 – $ 250 per month.
The farm is average, well-fed. There are six cards for one rig, and five or six rigs for the whole farm. Designed to partially replace the employer, functions as a source of additional income. Will be able to bring profit from 500 to 1200 dollars per month.
The farm is large and well-fed. Large mining rig for 12 – 20 rigs. Requires a separate building, a converted shed, garage or dugout will do. During the construction of the farm, a separate transformer box should also be provided – such a farm eats under 4 kWh, but also brings in from $ 5,000 per month.
It’s like a USB hub – one device for multiple connectors. Rig is an assembly from one motherboard, RAM, processor, a number of risers and video cards. The average rig takes 4 video cards, but more is possible. The physical limit is considered to be 8 cards per rig.
An extension cable that will help you connect four video cards to one motherboard. This is not possible under normal conditions.
You should start by choosing a location for a mining farm. If everything is prosaic with the “home” – a balcony, a basement or a pantry – then starting with an average farm it is recommended to carefully select a place.
The farm has a “body kit”, it consists of a processor, SSD, motherboard, RAM and power supply. You will also need to select a riser for the farm.
Choose a motherboard for your budget, the requirements for the power phases are low, but there are requirements for materials. Choose video cards based on their element base, for example, cards from China will not work for mining. American variants will serve well, for example, boards from Gigabytes, Asus and Biostar.
The main task of the motherboard is to service the video cards.
Budget boards for mining for 4 video cards
Motherboards for 5 video cards
Motherboards for 6 video cards
Motherboards for 12+ graphics cards
When choosing a motherboard, pay attention to the socket – this is the socket for the processor. For example, a motherboard with LGA1151 will not fit an FM1 processor.
The role of the processor in the mining kit is the spacer between the video cards and the hard drive. All calculations are performed on video cards, the processor practically does not deal with the payload. Since the CPU is not engaged in computational tasks in mining, it makes no sense to select an expensive model.
Processor requirements for mining
The technical process, the year of manufacture and the kernel model do not affect the hash rate. There are no requirements for the size of the CPU cache, the presence of the processor is required. But you don’t need to drive into two cores from Dual Core either.
Recommended CPUs for Mining Farm Attachment
Blue processors
Red processors
For the sake of convenience, we recommend using modular power supplies, to which you can connect only the cables you need. When mining, there will be a lot of wires, they will be different. A classic PSU does not always have, for example, space for 4 MOLEX expansion cables.
Recommended PSU brands: Zalman, Chieftek. In general, any adequate power supply with modular connection from 500W will do.
Take the ones powered by the MOLEX port, as these are power ports designed to withstand high loads. Other types of ports will not withstand the voltage and will cause the PCB to burn out. Do not use adapters from the box with a riser from SATA to MOLEX – they burn out.
When connecting risers via a MOLEX power cable, do not connect more than two risers per power cable, even if there are enough connectors for 4.
Riser appearance with MOLEX connector. To the left of the riser is an adapter from SATA to MOLEX, which is not recommended to use.
It’s easier to watch the video tutorial on assembling the farm once.
As an alternative to Windows, we recommend installing NiceHash OS , the installation of which is simplified to the maximum. Setting up a farm comes down to creating a bootable USB flash drive and … that’s it. No dirty tricks, we tried it ourselves, there is addiction, my brother is alive.
The bonus is that NHOS supports all modern hardware, while Windows 7 does not work with some devices without dancing with a tambourine.
Technical requirements for a place for a farm:
Should you put your farm in a garage?
A garage in an area known for picking locks can be a stretch and with extreme care. Don’t take risks.
When there are few alternatives to the garage, it is recommended to strengthen the gate by welding steel rods – this will help to avoid penetration into the room.
How to strengthen the garage?
Detailed video instruction on strengthening the garage against penetration inside. You will need gas welding and glasses, only for real men.
Additional precautions when choosing a location for a farm
What is suitable for a farm, room gradation
Technical requirements for the premises
In addition to electronics, the rig also contains a body. In order not to buy system blocks every time, miners assemble a frame from aluminum corners.
An example of a frame for 8 video cards.
Wood frames are fire hazardous – when heated, there is a risk of ignition of wood, which serves as a fastening element of the structure.
An example of assembling a frame for a truss using a riser perch.
Using wood to mount risers
The option is exclusively voluntary and fire hazardous. It is used for convenience – after cutting the holes in the aluminum profile, the card is mounted on self-tapping screws in the wood. When the riser burns out under the video card, only the wood profile will be damaged, the rest of the frame will remain intact. The risk of burnout is reduced when the MOLEX connector is used in the risers.
Below are the drawings of the frames for the rig for 5 and 8 video cards. Frame materials – aluminum, wood. As a fastener for parts, ordinary bolts with a nut are suitable.
Ordinary screw, hex head, full thread.
Crypto-farm assemblies use common store screws with a Phillips head.
Schematic construction of the frame of the truss
A drawing of a frame of a farm with video cards
The cutouts for the video cards are 10 cm apart. The lower center brace is used to secure the power supply and the motherboard. Please note that after assembly, you will need to place additional fasteners for the format of the motherboard and power supply of your choice.
To fix the motherboard and the power supply, it was convenient to use a chipboard canvas. When mounting the power supply unit, it is recommended to place it with a fan upward or sideways to ensure ventilation.
On Avito, OLH, Hotline, Prom, Flea market and any other resource where you can post ads. Usually, craftsmen expose cases in the price range from $ 20 to $ 35, excluding shipping.
Buying or assembling yourself is everyone’s choice. There is nothing wrong with this, but it is not always possible to assemble the case by hand. If you lack experience in assembling structures according to drawings, we recommend that you consider purchasing a case for a farm.
You will need to re-equip the premises when starting a large crypto farm, where 10 – 20 rigs work simultaneously in the room, with 5 video cards on each. The heating level is appropriate – you need an air circulation speed of 5 l / hour.
For a stand of two rigs, blowing with room fans and ventilation through room windows will suffice. A home farm will have enough cooling on the balcony and blowing with coolers.
When assembling a farm, several rigs can be combined into a stand. The stand is a regular rack, which can be purchased or assembled by yourself.
The room is zoned to achieve an optimal ventilation configuration and reduce the heating of the equipment. Two factors are taken into account – the heat goes up and the stands will need help when running hot air.
An example of a utility rack that can hold 4 rigs at a time.
The location of the rigs in the stand is not critical, when blowing hot air will rise up along with the direction of the air flow.
The racks should be placed next to the fan to remove hot air from the rigs towards the ventilation or window. Large farms are equipped with double ceilings with an extractor hood that removes hot air outside.
It is recommended to equip the stand with a blow-off fan to ensure ventilation. Airing the entire room is rational only if the windows are replaced with a cooling unit.
A home air conditioner is not able to cope with the level of heat from the farm, so its use is not recommended.
The windows in the room, which is used to maintain the mining farm, can be converted into a ventilation duct. A chipboard sheet is selected for the size of the window, holes are made in it for mounting two turntables of 500 mm each, after which they are mounted for blowing. The gap between the frame is filled with foam to seal the structure.
Miners use the creation of a ceiling hood using a suspended chipboard ceiling and a slot for a fan.
An example of the location of the rigs in the room.
The fan can be replaced with 120mm coolers to drive hot air towards the cooling coolers located on the ceiling. The diameter of the ceiling fan is from 400mm to 500mm, mounting – for the exhaust from the room.
You need copper wiring, aluminum does not work. In new buildings from 2005, copper is used, in stalinkas and Khrushchevs, aluminum wiring.
If the wiring is aluminum, then try to make copper wiring from the flap to the truss. Risk? High. This is a complete collective farm and something more than a home farm will not pull.
When 15 kW is allocated for the room, then do not use everything from one outlet – this is dangerous, it will not withstand.
A harsh Russian LED signals farm overload.
Significantly cheaper than buying a ready-made configuration. The average cost of a finished farm starts at $ 1,800. Ready-made farms on the RX580 can be found for $ 2,000- $ 2,200.
Let’s calculate how much you can save by manually assembling the farm.
Motherboard : up to $ 150.
Processor : $ 10 – $ 30
RAM : one strip, $ 15 – $ 20.
Risers : $ 3 apiece
BP : strictly from $ 70.
Case : $ 10 – $ 15
In total, the body kit will take ~ $ 270.
The cost of video cards is more, at 350 – 400 apiece.
If we take a farm with RX 480 cards, then 4 copies will cost $ 1000 – $ 1200, depending on the availability of goods. Total – the price plug of a hand-assembled farm for 4 video cards will be $ 1300 – $ 1600.
How much will a camera farm cost?
For the paranoid, a note – a set of surveillance cameras will cost $ 400 – $ 450 extra, but will provide security and remote control over the farm. Used in large and medium-sized farms that are located further than the “one-hour” circle of availability.
Installing an alarm on a farm building blade on two sides: government agencies will be interested in the contents of the premises when they call the police. When defending a farm, rely on yourself and your friends, the police will have more questions about the mining of cryptocurrency.
Remote regions and dacha cooperatives should be considered if you are ready to dig potatoes “for the sake of appearance.” On the one hand, this will help to flow into society without suspicion, on the other hand, it is an excellent reason to take a break from the city. But the danger of setting up a mining farm in rural areas is remoteness. If they decide to rob the farm, and you are at work, all that remains is to observe the actions of the vandals.
The best way to protect your farm from prying eyes and problems is not to put it in a crowded place and not talk about it. Remember, the first rule of fight club is not to tell anyone about fight club.
What profit to expect from a cryptocurrency farm? Stable, of course. But be mentally prepared that the first year or two the farm will be profitable. Since the third year, the farm has been making a net profit, usually a 6-card rig is able to bring in from 3-4 thousand dollars a year, or ~ 250 dollars a month.
When planning your farm budget, budget for a portion of the profits to power your farm. For example, three months in advance to provide installations with electricity in the event of a cryptocurrency subsidence.
Set aside 10% of your harvest monthly for an airbag that will allow you to flexibly build your farm’s development strategy and safety.
From the point of view of Russian legislation, the mining of cryptocurrency is not considered a criminal offense. Remember the first rule of fight club?
The police tend to raid mining farms in order to seize property in their favor.
However, an attempt to withdraw cryptocurrency in entities legally controlled by the Russian Federation can be considered a reason for initiating a criminal case. For a large turnover, they can be prosecuted on suspicion of money laundering.
The last known incident occurred in 2017, when, under article 172, part 2, a criminal case was opened against three people for exchanging bitcoins worth over 500 million rubles. The purchase of cryptocurrency for cash is regarded as a reason to initiate a criminal case on the fact of violation of the law “On digital financial assets”.
Analysts believe that cryptocurrencies are expected to grow steadily over the next decades.
Not prohibited, not considered a crime until the turnover reaches 5 thousand dollars per month. Then the tax authorities will be interested in bank account operations.
If you pay checks for electricity, then there are no official reasons to detain the miner. Lawyers argue that there is no legal reason for detention for mining , but the police are inclined to organize search measures in order to take away the honestly mined crypt in their favor.
Creation of a crypto farm is a profitable event that will bring a stable income. However, it also has its own risks. As in any business, there is always a risk, only in the case of a farm is a conflict with the state and the housing office.
Trading on the stock exchange with financial assets costs more than $ 2,000. Buying shares of corporations brings other risks – loans, seizure of property, burnout of companies, a sharp drop in shares in Oil and the subsequent collapse of the value of assets of all oil refineries.
If you choose between two evils, then perhaps the lesser. Against the backdrop of a violent crisis in the fiat market, a cryptocurrency farm looks like a good investment.
Answer: A domestic one will be able to bring in 400 – 550 dollars a year, an average one will bring 1200 – 1500, a large one – from 5000. ( figure is subjected to exchange rates)
Answer: Ready-made – from 1900, which is a rare success, more often at 2200. Self-made – 1600, but you will be sure that no one slipped anything into the assembly. ( figure is subjected to exchange rates)
Answer: On average – two years, after which it brings clean money.
Answer: Take profitability from all video cards, summarize, subtract the cost of assembly and electricity per hour.
Stable, at 100mb / sec. It is recommended to connect from two providers at a time in order to have a spare channel in case the first one is disconnected. Satellite internet for a farm is a great way to get a second channel.
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